Face Recognition

Face, the foremost distinguishing feature of human body, making you the ‘unique you’, not only gives you an individual identity, but can also save you from security breaches and fraud transactions, can take care of your personal data, and prevent your PC, wireless network from plausible security threats!! Unlike the world of facebook, where you can wear different face every day, here it is the uniqueness of your face that makes all the difference.

The fast track technology has brought the world at your finger tips, be it anything, it is not more than a click away. The easier life is getting day by day, the more complex it is becoming to escape from the traps intended to crack and get access to your private data. The growth of e-commerce wholly depends on the integrity of transaction. The reason why a big percentage of people are still hesitant to employ e-commerce is the increasing cases of fraudulent fund transfer, loss of privacy and misuse of identity. End-to-end trust is must for its success. The ubiquitous methods of user id and password combinations, access cards are no longer free from security threats.

Such scenario demands an infallible solution, the one that cannot be hacked, shared or stolen and that solution is present with us, as an innate gift of nature, the human biological characteristics.

‘Biometrics’ is the study of measurable biological characteristics. It consists of several authentication techniques based on unique physical characteristics such as face, fingerprints, iris, hand geometry, retina, veins, and voice. ‘Face recognition’ is a computer based security system capable of automatically verifying or identifying a person. It is one of the various techniques under Biometrics. Biometrics identifies or verifies a person based on individual’s physical characteristics by matching the real time patterns against the enrolled ones.

The quest of human minds to excel and explore the breathtaking possibilities that technology can meet, encouraged scientists in mid 1960s to teach computers to distinguish between faces. In its initial stage, the technique was semi automated. It required an administrator to calculate the distance and ratios of various features of face (eyes, nose, ears and mouth) from a reference point and compare it with the images in database. Later in 1970s, Goldstein, Harmon and Lesk tried to automate the process by using various specific subjective markers such as lip thickness, hair colour. Early approaches were cumbersome, as they required manual computations. However, it was in 1988, when Kirby and Sirovich used a standard linear algebra technique, ‘Principle Component analysis’ that reduced the computation to less than a hundred values to code a normalized face image and in 1991, scientists finally succeeded in developing real time automated face recognition system.